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The Splendid History of the Tamil Nadu: Time Travel.
The Tamil Nadu cultural area is one of the most
ancient in India and its history dates back several thousand years, well beyond
known chronicles. It is believed that this land was inhabited more than 5,000-
6,000 years, and archaeology and ancient literature show that this is one of
the oldest civilizations in the world.
Premedieval History and Tracing Cultural Origins.
It is thought
that the first residents of Tamil Nadu belonged to the Dravidian culture, which
had its own language and traditions, as well as social structure. It blossomed
in the Sangam era (c. 300 BCE to 300 CE) known to be a prolific period of Tamil
literature, poetry and philosophical thought. These writings are very
informative about early Tamil society, their way of life, government and trade.
Rise of
Powerful Dynasties
The history of Tamil Nadu is heavily influenced by
the ups and downs of great dynasties which have ruled the area more
successfully or less successfully.
The Cholas: Dynasty of architects and the powerful.
Chola dynasty was a powerful empire in South India.
They started their reign in early times, probably in the 1st century CE, and
their golden era was later in history, particularly under the rule of such
great kings as Rajaraja Chola 1. During his reign, the empire was able to grow
tremendous and art and architecture to incredible levels. The Brihadeeswarar
Temple in Thanjavur is one of the finest specimen of the Chola brilliance which
is a masterpiece of the Dravidian architecture. His heir Rajendra Chola I, took
this legacy and extended the empire to even greater heights to Southeast Asia.
He was also the founder of a new capital, Gangaikondacholapuram, a tribute to
triumph and strength.
The Pandyas: Trade and Cultural Exchange
The Pandya
dynasty came to the fore after Cholas went into decline. They were based at one
of the oldest constantly inhabited Indian cities, Madurai. Pandyas had a
reputation of having good trade ties with other nations, most notably ancient
Rome and Greece. This global commerce had enriched the region with wealth and
culture. Nevertheless, they became weaker in the 14th century against invasions
by north forces which interfered with their reign and deteriorated the kingdom.
The Cheras: Protectors of the Western Territories.
The Chera dynasty governed the west of Tamil Nadu
and some of current day Kerala. They were important in the maritime trade and
were reputed to have exported spices, pearls, and precious stones. Similar to
the other dynasties, they had a lot to offer to Tamil culture and economy.
Middle Ages
and Foreign Influence.
The region
fell under control of Vijayanagara Empire after the fall of these ancient
dynasties. This was a strong kingdom that aided to fight back external
incursions and bring sanity to South India. They were ruled by their rulers (or
governors) called the Nayakas who helped in the construction of temples, art
and administration of Tamil Nadu.
Colonial Period and Modern Revolution.
Later
centuries saw the beginning of European powers, and British in particular,
taking over Tamil Nadu. This ushered in a new era of its history, with changes
in administration, education and economy. Tamil Nadu later joined the
independent India in 1947.
Conclusion
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